UK’s position on the EU's Research and Innovation Framework Programme
In September 2024, the UK government released a position paper outlining its stance on the EU's upcoming Research and Innovation Framework Programme (FP10). This document highlights the UK's commitment to ongoing collaboration with the EU, focusing on key priorities such as research excellence, global collaboration, security, and the need for reduced administrative burdens. While highlighting the potential benefits of such cooperation, the paper also details the UK’s desire for fair financial contributions and security considerations, setting the stage for future negotiations between the UK and the EU.
Background: The UK's History with EU Research Frameworks
Before delving into the specifics of the UK’s current position, it is essential to understand the history between the UK and the EU in the context of research and innovation collaboration. The EU’s Research and Innovation Framework Programmes, which date back to the 1980s, have always been integral to fostering collaborative research across Europe. Horizon 2020, the predecessor of Horizon Europe, saw the UK as one of the largest beneficiaries and contributors. UK researchers, universities, and businesses often ranked among the top recipients of EU research funding, which allowed them to lead cutting-edge projects and contribute to critical scientific advancements.
However, the UK's decision to leave the EU in 2016 posed significant uncertainties about its future participation in these programs. The post-Brexit Trade and Cooperation Agreement provided a pathway for UK association with Horizon Europe, but the exact terms and conditions were subject to negotiations. The document under review highlights the UK's aspirations to maintain a productive relationship with the EU in the realm of research and innovation, ensuring that Brexit does not lead to scientific isolation.
- Core Objectives of the UK’s Position
The UK government's primary objective in its position on the EU's Research and Innovation Framework Programme is to maintain access to cutting-edge research and innovation networks while safeguarding its own national interests. To achieve this, the document outlines several key goals:
1. Promoting Excellence in Research: The UK emphasises the need for continued participation in programs that prioritise research excellence. The country’s world-leading universities and research institutions have long been central to Europe's research landscape, and the UK aims to retain this role through FP10 (Framework Programme 10). The government stresses that research excellence should remain a cornerstone of EU research programs to ensure that the best minds and institutions can collaborate on solving global challenges.
2. Global Openness and Collaboration: The UK seeks to promote global openness in research. While Europe remains a critical partner, the UK also aspires to expand its research networks to include other countries like the United States, Japan, and Canada. The document advocates for a framework that allows non-EU countries to contribute to and benefit from EU research programs, creating a truly global research ecosystem.
3. Addressing Global Challenges: Tackling issues such as climate change, public health (e.g., pandemic preparedness), and digital transformation are key priorities for the UK. The EU’s Horizon Europe initiative is already aligned with these objectives, and the UK government stresses the importance of continuing to address these global challenges in partnership with the EU and beyond. The position paper highlights that research aimed at solving cross-border problems will be most effective when countries collaborate across geographical boundaries.
4. Security in Research: Given the geopolitical landscape and the increasing importance of data and technology security, the UK insists that any association with EU research programs must consider security issues. This includes protecting sensitive research data, intellectual property, and ensuring that the UK’s national security interests are upheld. The government seeks a balance between open scientific collaboration and safeguarding national security concerns, especially in areas like AI, cybersecurity, and quantum computing.
5. Reducing Administrative Burdens: One of the UK's criticisms of the EU research framework has been its administrative complexity. The UK government advocates for a more streamlined and efficient system that encourages participation from researchers, especially from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A reduction in bureaucratic red tape would enable smoother collaboration and a more dynamic research environment.
6. Ensuring Value for Money: Post-Brexit, the UK has faced pressure to demonstrate that any financial contributions to EU research programs deliver tangible benefits for its economy and society. The document emphasises that the UK’s participation in FP10 should be based on a fair contribution model where the benefits to the UK are commensurate with its investment. This is crucial in ensuring public support for continued participation in EU initiatives.
Opportunities and Challenges of UK-EU Research Collaboration
The UK’s position on associating with the EU’s Framework Programme reflects both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, continued collaboration offers substantial benefits. Horizon Europe provides access to some of the world’s most advanced research infrastructures, databases, and networks. UK scientists, universities, and companies would have the opportunity to collaborate with their EU counterparts on groundbreaking projects that are too large or complex to be undertaken by one country alone.
On the other hand, the relationship is not without challenges. The Brexit process has introduced uncertainties around the legal, financial, and operational frameworks governing UK participation in EU programs. There is also the potential for political friction, especially if either side perceives that the terms of collaboration are not mutually beneficial. The UK government, in its position paper, acknowledges these challenges but maintains that constructive negotiations can overcome them.
The Potential Impact on the UK’s Research Ecosystem
Should the UK secure a favourable association agreement with the EU's Research and Innovation Framework Programme, it stands to benefit in several ways. First and foremost, UK researchers will continue to have access to the EU’s vast research networks and funding opportunities. This would be particularly advantageous for fields such as biomedical research, climate science, and artificial intelligence, where collaboration across borders accelerates innovation.
Moreover, the UK’s commitment to global openness means that the country can continue to foster relationships with non-EU partners while benefiting from its proximity to Europe. This dual approach could strengthen the UK's position as a global research hub, attracting top talent and investment from around the world.
However, if the UK fails to secure an agreement or chooses not to participate, the consequences could be significant. UK institutions would lose access to EU funding and collaborative networks, potentially putting them at a disadvantage compared to their European counterparts. This could lead to a “brain drain,” with top researchers opting to work in countries with better funding opportunities. Furthermore, the UK's research output could suffer if it becomes more difficult to participate in large-scale, multinational research projects.
Navigating the Future of UK-EU Research Relations
The UK’s position on the EU’s Research and Innovation Framework Programme reflects a desire for continued collaboration in a post-Brexit world. By prioritising research excellence, global openness, and a fair financial contribution, the UK aims to remain a central player in European and global research networks. The government's stance highlights the need to balance national interests with the benefits of international cooperation, particularly in tackling global challenges that require collective action.
Moving forward, the success of UK-EU research relations will depend on constructive negotiations that address both the opportunities and challenges of collaboration. If managed effectively, the UK could emerge as a stronger, more globally connected research leader, leveraging its relationships with both the EU and the wider world to drive scientific and technological innovation.
For detailed information on the UK's position, you can access the full document here.
EU Research and Innovation Policy: Key Agendas for Autumn 2024
As Autumn 2024 unfolds, the European Union’s (EU) research and innovation (R&I) sector is entering a period of strategic transformation, marked by new appointments, evolving policies, and critical budgetary discussions. The upcoming months promise significant shifts that will define the future of European competitiveness, defence, and research collaboration. Here's a look at the key points on the EU’s R&I agenda.
New Research Commissioner: Expectations and Priorities
One of the most eagerly anticipated events is the appointment of a new research commissioner. This individual, set to be nominated and quizzed by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in the coming months, will significantly influence the EU’s R&I policies for the foreseeable future. The commissioner’s role will be pivotal in guiding the remaining years of Horizon Europe (the EU’s current research and innovation framework) and laying the groundwork for its successor, Framework Programme 10 (FP10).
There is speculation about whether the research portfolio will remain a standalone entity or be merged into a broader portfolio encompassing competitiveness, internal markets, or the economy. As stakeholders wait for the appointment, many are advocating for R&I to stay at the heart of European policy, ensuring continued focus on innovation as a driver of competitiveness.
Defence and Research: The Role of the European Defence Fund
For the first time, defence research is expected to play a more prominent role in EU R&I policy. Ursula von der Leyen, in her campaign for re-election as European Commission President, highlighted defence as a top priority. This includes bolstering the European Defence Fund (EDF), which is designed to support research and development in defence technologies. While the immediate focus remains on urgent defence needs, especially in light of the ongoing situation in Ukraine, long-term plans are also in motion to enhance European defence capabilities through R&D initiatives.
A Clean Industrial Deal: A Pathway to Green Competitiveness
Von der Leyen’s agenda also includes the introduction of a Clean Industrial Deal, which is set to accelerate green technologies across Europe. The goal is to create lead markets in industries such as clean steel and renewable energy, with a particular emphasis on simplifying processes like planning and permitting for green projects. This initiative is part of a broader strategy aimed at positioning the EU as a global leader in sustainable industrial practices.
Although many of these plans are part of von der Leyen’s long-term vision, the Clean Industrial Deal could be instrumental in driving R&I investments in green technologies, aligning the EU’s competitiveness with its environmental goals. This initiative ties in with the broader objectives of Horizon Europe and its successor program, which continue to prioritise sustainability across R&I projects.
FP10: Shaping the Future of European Research
One of the most significant discussions in the R&I community centres around FP10, the next iteration of the EU’s flagship research funding program. An expert group has been convened to assess Horizon Europe’s progress and provide recommendations for FP10. This group, led by former Portuguese research minister Manuel Heitor, is set to deliver its findings in mid-October 2024.
FP10 will likely build on the collaborative research strengths of Horizon Europe, which has been critical in fostering partnerships across Europe. The focus is expected to remain on global challenges, such as climate change, health, and digital transformation, while also incorporating new priorities around defence and industrial competitiveness.
Challenges Ahead: Budget and Policy Debates
While the R&I community welcomes the strategic goals outlined by von der Leyen, several challenges lie ahead. One of the most contentious issues is the budget for Horizon Europe. The European Council has proposed cuts of €400 million to the program for 2025, a move that has been met with resistance from the European Parliament and the research community.
These budgetary discussions are particularly significant as the EU prepares for the next long-term budget cycle, beginning in 2028. Many are concerned that R&I funding could be reduced in favour of other priorities, such as the proposed European Competitiveness Fund. Stakeholders are advocating for a balanced approach that maintains strong support for R&I while addressing Europe’s broader economic and defence needs.
The Role of Competitiveness in Shaping R&I
Competitiveness is at the core of von der Leyen’s policy agenda. In addition to defence and green technologies, she has emphasised the need for Europe to remain competitive on the global stage. This includes fostering innovation through R&I investments, particularly in high-tech sectors like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology.
A key component of this strategy is the forthcoming report by former Italian prime minister Mario Draghi, which is expected to provide a roadmap for boosting EU competitiveness. While the report’s release has been delayed, its findings are anticipated to shape much of the EU’s R&I policy going forward.
Shaping the tenth framework programme (FP10)
Member States Advocate for Greater Influence in Shaping FP10
The tenth framework programme (FP10) for research and innovation in the European Union is garnering significant attention from member states who are calling for a more prominent role in its strategic planning. This development follows the adoption of a new opinion paper by a special task force of the European Research Area and Innovation Committee (ERAC). The paper emphasises the need for a stable and predictable funding framework and the inclusion of Collaborative Research Actions to support basic research.
A Call for Enhanced Strategic Involvement
The task force's recommendations reflect a broader desire among EU governments to have a more substantial say in setting the priorities for FP10. This includes making strategic choices that align with national and regional research goals, thereby leveraging national, regional, and private investments more effectively. The opinion suggests that a more consultative approach involving member states and stakeholders could enhance the programme's relevance and impact.
Addressing the Funding Issue
While the opinion paper does not specify a budget, it highlights the importance of a stable financial framework for research and innovation. This is crucial to ensure the success of FP10 and maintain its competitive edge globally. However, the absence of specific budget recommendations has drawn criticism from various quarters. Kamila Kozirog of the European University Association (EUA) and Mattias Björnmalm of CESAER highlighted the missed opportunity to advocate for increased funding. Both stress the necessity of achieving the 3% GDP target for research and innovation, with a public effort of 1.25%.
Simplification and Inclusivity in Funding Mechanisms
The task force advocates for simplifying the structure of Pillar II, which currently includes calls for Research and Innovation Actions and Innovation Actions for higher Technology Readiness Levels. By adding Research Actions, FP10 could make it clearer that Pillar II is also dedicated to research, not just innovation-focused projects. This aligns with calls from the League of European Research Universities (LERU) for more simplification in grant applications.
Additionally, the task force recommends evaluations of the Widening measures aimed at closing the east-west gap in research capabilities, and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). The opinion also suggests phasing out instruments that are no longer relevant, though it does not specify which ones.
Positive Views and Constructive Criticism
The European Research Council (ERC) and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) receive positive mentions for their roles in supporting career development and breakthrough research. The European Innovation Council (EIC) is also praised for addressing gaps between research excellence and market transformation. However, there is a recommendation to move "Missions" out of FP10, as their objectives extend beyond the programme’s scope.
Stakeholder and SME Involvement
The task force stresses the importance of involving stakeholder organisations in the planning and oversight of FP10. While this move is supported by many, including EUA and CESAER, concerns remain about the potential for increased member state involvement to slow down priority setting. Moreover, acknowledging the critical role of SMEs, the task force suggests exploring the possibility of lowering their financial contributions in certain partnerships.
Beyond EU Borders
A continent-wide approach and faster association processes for neighbouring countries sharing EU values are prioritised to bolster European research and innovation. This includes swift associations with countries like Switzerland to leverage the full research and innovation capacity of Europe.
Towards a Single Market for Knowledge
The opinion supports the concept of a "single market for knowledge" and the idea of research and innovation as a "fifth freedom," enabling the free movement of research, innovation, knowledge, and education. This vision, proposed by former Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta, aims to position Europe as a global leader in research and innovation.
Conclusion
The call for a more strategic role in shaping FP10 highlights the evolving landscape of European research and innovation policy. By addressing funding stability, simplifying mechanisms, and enhancing stakeholder involvement, FP10 aims to build on the successes of its predecessors while adapting to new challenges. The collaborative approach and strategic investments envisaged in FP10 could pave the way for ground breaking advancements and sustained economic growth in the EU.